Multimodal Communication: Embracing Every Voice
You probably use multimodal communication every day without even realising it. Maybe you wave when you say “hello,” send a quick text to check in with a friend or nod in agreement during a meeting. You might speak, sign, gesture, point, type—or combine several of these, depending on where you are, who you’re with, or how you’re feeling. That’s multimodal communication.
Multimodal communication is about using more than one method of communication to express your thoughts, feelings, needs, or ideas (Speech Pathology Australia, 2020). Speech, gestures, facial expressions, Key Word Sign, writing/drawing, objects, photos/symbols, communication boards, a speech-generating device and texting/typing are some examples of different forms of communication.
The goal of communication isn’t to replace one form of communication with another—but to offer a toolbox of options for a person to use based on the context of the interaction as well as their energy level, environment, and relationship with their communication partner/s (Hanson et al., 2013; Speech Pathology Australia, 2020).
Why Multimodal Communication Matters
Everyone communicates differently, and some situations call for different tools. For individuals who are non-speaking or have limited spoken communication having access to multiple communication modes is essential (Burkhart, 2016).
Multimodal communication:
- Supports language development
- Promotes authentic self-expression
- Honours all forms of communication
- Supports positive interactions
- Reduces frustration
- Fosters autonomous communication
- Supports independence
- Enhances understanding
- Builds confidence
Here’s what multimodal communication can look like in everyday situations:
- A child points to a toy while saying “play.”
- A teen texts “on my way” instead of calling.
- A student uses a speech generating device to say “I need help,” but also signs “please.”
- A non-speaking adult uses facial expressions, eye gaze, gestures and a communication board to order lunch at their favourite cafe.
Some ways to Support Multimodal Communication
Respond to all forms of communication (i.e., gestures, eye contact, spoken language, communication via a speech generating device) as meaningful as all forms of communication are valid (Burkhart, 2016).
Encouraging a Variety of Tools
Support the use of all communication tools and ensure a person always has access to all communication tools to ensure they feel empowered to express themselves authentically (Burkhart, 2016; Porter, 2018; Speech Pathology Australia, 2020).
Modelling Different Modes
Using various communication tools (i.e., a communication board or communication device) alongside your own spoken language. This models that all forms of communication are valid, respected and effective (Burkhart, 2016; Porter, 2018).
Being Flexible
Empowering the person to choose what communication tool works for them based on the context of the interaction, the environment and their relationship with their communication partner/s (Porter, 2018).
Communication is Connection
Communication is about more than just words—it’s about connection (Burkhart, 2016). It’s how we share our thoughts, feelings, needs, and stories with each other.
When someone has more than one way to communicate, they’re not just given tools—they’re given choices, confidence, and control. Multimodal communication opens doors and allows people to express themselves authentically.
References
Burkhart, L (2016). Multi-Modal Communication and Learning Strategies for Children who face Significant Challenges [handout].
Hanson, E, K., Beukelman, D. R., & Yorkston, K. M. (2013). Communication support through multimodal supplementation: a scoping review. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 29, 310-321.
Porter, G. PODD Communication Books Introductory workshop manual © 2018
Speech Pathology Australia (2020). Augmentative and Alternative Communication Clinical Guideline. Melbourne: Speech Pathology Australia.
About the author
Sam is a Clinical Excellence Lead and Paediatric Speech Pathologist at KEO Care. She has experience working across a variety of paediatric settings, including schools, private practice, not-for-profit organisations, and community-based services. Sam’s areas of interest include early intervention, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), and paediatric feeding.
